Faria
A learning log. Each lesson topic gets its own page, with key facts, pronunciations and drawings, so it can be studied again.
Latest: Saturday, October 31, 2026
- Disaster means "bad starThe word disaster comes from Italian dis-astro, a bad star, and belongs to a big family of star words.
- Astronaut, nautical and the sailor rootAstronaut means star sailor. The naut- root runs through nautical, nausea and Nautilus.
- King Lear: Edmund's star speech and the scientific methodGloucester blames eclipses; his son Edmund mocks blaming the stars, a modern idea in a play about ancient Britain.
- King Lear: the whole playTwo families, two foolish fathers. Lear has three daughters; Gloucester has two sons.
- King Lear: the great lines, and how to say GloucesterPoor naked wretches, I have ta'en too little care of this, a very foolish fond old man, and GLOSS-ter.
- RADAR is an acronymRAdio Detection And Ranging, a US Navy coinage from 1940, and how it changed storm watching.
- The telegraph and the first storm warningsFor the first time, news of a storm could travel faster than the storm itself.
- Father Benito Viñes, Padre HuracánA Jesuit priest in Havana who read the sky so well he issued the first scientific hurricane warning in 1875.
- Galveston 1900 and the dismissed Cuban warningsThe deadliest natural disaster in US history, and the Weather Bureau's refusal to listen to Havana.
- How a Cuban warning reached TexasThe undersea telegraph cable from Havana to Key West, laid around 1867, tied Cuba into the US wire network.
- The transatlantic cables of 1858 and 1866Cyrus Field's first cable carried Queen Victoria's message in 16 hours and died in three weeks; the Great Eastern laid the one that lasted.
- The Great Eastern and Isambard Kingdom BrunelWhy anyone built a ship five times too big, and the brilliant engineer it killed.
- Fulton's Nautilus, a submarine for NapoleonRobert Fulton built a working submarine for France in 1800, seven years before his famous steamboat.
- The Count of Monte Cristo and NapoleonEdmond Dantès is jailed for carrying a letter from Elba, and meets the Abbé Faria in the Château d'If.
- Dumas's father, the general who defied NapoleonGeneral Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, born enslaved in Saint-Domingue, fell out with Napoleon and was imprisoned, the seed of Monte Cristo.
- The Suez Canal and the route to India and AustraliaOpened in 1869, the canal cut London to Bombay from about 10,700 to about 6,200 nautical miles.
- The Red Sea rift and Bab-el-MandebThe long narrow Red Sea is a crack where Africa and Arabia are pulling apart, closed at the south by the Gate of Grief.
- Eratosthenes measures the EarthAbout 240 BC, one angle (7.2°) and one distance gave the size of the whole planet.
- The shadow stick and why the lines meet at Earth's centerHow the 7.2° was measured at Alexandria, and why a plumb line points to the center of the Earth.
- Why the sun's rays count as parallel (Aristarchus)The Greeks already knew the sun was very far away, so rays reaching two cities 500 miles apart are effectively parallel.
- The flat-Earth myth and ColumbusEducated Europeans never forgot the Earth was round. The argument with Columbus was about its size, and he was wrong.
- Copernicus, 1543Nicolaus Copernicus put the sun at the center and published as he was dying.
- Bruno, Galileo and "Eppur si muoveWere people put to death for saying the Earth isn't the center? Bruno was burned in 1600, mostly for theology; Galileo was convicted in 1633.
- Mark Twain's The Innocents AbroadTwain sailed on the Quaker City in 1867 and mailed newspaper letters home as he went; they became his best-selling book.
- Jules Verne's A Floating CityVerne's 1871 novel of his own 1867 crossing on the Great Eastern. Good as a travelogue today, thin as a story.
- Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the SeasProfessor Aronnax, Conseil and Ned Land aboard the Nautilus with Captain Nemo, "no one." The leagues are distance traveled, not depth.